{"id":10420,"date":"2021-11-24T21:17:14","date_gmt":"2021-11-24T21:17:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/?p=10420"},"modified":"2023-02-22T14:27:26","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T14:27:26","slug":"a-quimica-das-nitrosaminas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/a-quimica-das-nitrosaminas\/","title":{"rendered":"A quimica das nitrosaminas"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10420\" class=\"elementor elementor-10420\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9b9ad71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9b9ad71\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fe0349\" data-id=\"2fe0349\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb63063 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb63063\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366\"><strong><a style=\"color: #003366\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/qn\/a\/ScRC8h59LZM4JkMrpMqgLfq\/?lang=pt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As N-nitrosaminas<\/a><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, que hoje popularmente chamamos apenas de nitrosaminas, tornaram-se objeto de intensos estudos toxicol\u00f3gicos nos \u00faltimos cinquenta anos, mais precisamente a partir de 1954, quando os cientistas brit\u00e2nicos Magee e Barnes ineditamente reportaram sobre a associa\u00e7\u00e3o entre danos hep\u00e1ticos em ratos e a N-nitrosodimetilamina (NDMA).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64e495d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64e495d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dois anos mais tarde, os mesmos pesquisadores confirmaram a indu\u00e7\u00e3o de tumores hep\u00e1ticos em ratos que foram alimentados com NDMA. Na Noruega, na virada da d\u00e9cada de 50 para 60, a hepatotoxicidade advinda das nitrosaminas foi, mais uma vez, confirmada em animais alimentados com ra\u00e7\u00f5es tratadas com nitritos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c3d00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63c3d00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Em 2018, foram detectadas nitrosaminas nas classes das valsartanas. Nos anos subsequentes, diversas foram as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es emitidas pelos \u00f3rg\u00e3os reguladores, EMA, FDA e Anvisa, movimentando-se no sentido de avaliar f\u00e1rmacos sint\u00e9ticos e biol\u00f3gicos quanto a presen\u00e7a das nitrosaminas. No Brasil, ap\u00f3s a divulga\u00e7\u00e3o das RDC 283, 494 e 500 que normatizam as nitrosaminas, a Anvisa lan\u00e7ou o Guia n\u00ba 50\/2021 que auxilia ind\u00fastrias farmac\u00eauticas quanto \u00e0s medidas que devem ser tomadas no caso.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a84084 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1a84084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 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var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M10.7,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L0.7,17L4,13.1L0,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L10.7,6z M23.9,6.6l4.2,4.5L32,7.2l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9L32,19.1l-3.9-3.3l-4.5,4.3l-2.5-1.9l4.4-5.1l-4.2-3.9L23.9,6.6zM73.5,6L76,8.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L63.5,17l4.1-4.7L63.5,8l2.3-1.3l4.1,3.6L73.5,6z M94,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4L94,20.1l-3.9-5l-3.9,4.2L84,17l3.2-3.9L84,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.2,3.9L94,6z M106.9,6l4.5,5.1l3.9-3.9l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9l-1.6,2.1l-3.9-4.2l-4.5,5.2l-2.5-1.9l4-5.4l-4-4.3L106.9,6z M53.1,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,4.6l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-4.5l-3.5,4.5L43.1,17l3.2-3.9l-4-4.5l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L53.1,6z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6f5514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6f5514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As nitrosaminas s\u00e3o compostos derivados da rea\u00e7\u00e3o entre um grupo nitroso (-NO) e um grupo amino (-NH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). Em outras palavras, s\u00e3o formadas pela associa\u00e7\u00e3o de um conjunto de nitrog\u00eanio secund\u00e1rio (amina, amida, alquil-ur\u00e9ia ou um anel pept\u00eddeo) e um agente nitrosante (\u00e1cido nitroso, anidrido nitroso, tetr\u00f3xido de dinitrog\u00eanio e \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e1d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16e1d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Comumente, as nitrosaminas s\u00e3o sintetizadas a partir do \u00e1cido nitroso (HNO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) e aminas secund\u00e1rias.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aminas prim\u00e1rias e terci\u00e1rias tamb\u00e9m podem gerar nitrosaminas, as feitas a partir de aminas prim\u00e1rias apresentam uma instabilidade maior do que as demais e n\u00e3o s\u00e3o t\u00e3o comuns.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e23deb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e23deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elas s\u00e3o est\u00e1veis em meios neutros e fortemente b\u00e1sicos e, portanto, uma vez formadas s\u00e3o dificilmente destru\u00eddas. No entanto, se decomp\u00f5em lentamente quando expostas \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o ultravioleta formando alde\u00eddos, nitrog\u00eanio e \u00f3xido nitroso, ou aminas e \u00e1cido nitroso. Em meio fortemente \u00e1cido ocorre ruptura do grupo nitroso, um dos reagentes comumente utilizados para destruir uma nitrosaminas \u00e9 o \u00e1cido brom\u00eddrico em \u00e1cido ac\u00e9tico glacial, a rea\u00e7\u00e3o ainda pode ser catalisada pela presen\u00e7a de nucle\u00f3filos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10fecf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10fecf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46bf10d\" data-id=\"46bf10d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c8132f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c8132f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sua f\u00f3rmula estrutural gen\u00e9rica \u00e9 R1-R2-N-N=O, onde o radical 1 (R1) e radical 2 (R2) podem ser grupos alquilas ou arilas. As propriedades f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas dependem dos radicais ligados ao \u00e1tomo de nitrog\u00eanio, sendo que as nitrosaminas podem se encontrar nas formas s\u00f3lida, l\u00edquida ou gasosa.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c4d523\" data-id=\"0c4d523\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e16b37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2e16b37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosamina-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-10421\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosamina-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosamina-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosamina-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosamina-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosamina-760x760.png 760w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosamina.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 1: Formula gen\u00e9rica das nitrosaminas.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b81da42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b81da42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seu car\u00e1ter carcinog\u00eanico, teratog\u00eanico e mutag\u00eanico j\u00e1 foi comprovado em testes laboratoriais por mais de 40 esp\u00e9cies de animais, inclusive em macacos. Entretanto, as nitrosaminas, de modo geral, requerem ativa\u00e7\u00e3o metab\u00f3lica para exercerem sua a\u00e7\u00e3o carcinog\u00eanica. <\/span>Dado seu alto potencial toxicol\u00f3gico, o limite estipulado para presen\u00e7a de nitrosaminas em medicamentos \u00e9 consideravelmente menor do que as demais impurezas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc4313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apesar de sua toxicidade, as nitrosaminas s\u00e3o facilmente encontradas em todos os lugares, muitas vezes em por\u00e7\u00f5es que n\u00e3o apresentam riscos \u00e0 sa\u00fade humana. Somos expostos a elas basicamente de duas maneiras:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-205fbcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"205fbcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ex\u00f3gena: a partir da ingest\u00e3o de alimentos, o uso de produtos farmac\u00eauticos ou cosm\u00e9ticos e a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">End\u00f3gena quando acontece a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de nitrosaminas a partir de agentes nitrosantes internos ao organismo.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A ingest\u00e3o de nitritos e compostos N-nitrosos \u00e9 normalmente baixa, ao contr\u00e1rio da sua forma\u00e7\u00e3o end\u00f3gena e da ingest\u00e3o do seu precursor, o nitrato.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d7a61f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d7a61f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left\">Para saber mais sobre a forma\u00e7\u00e3o das nitrosaminas, nitrosa\u00e7\u00e3o, tipos e ativa\u00e7\u00e3o no organismo continue a leitura! Se quiser outras informa\u00e7\u00f5es, d\u00ea uma olhada<a href=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/n-nitrosaminas-e-toxicologia-regulatoria-anvisa\/\"><b><span style=\"color: #003366\"> nesse artigo<\/span>.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6997b33 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6997b33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M10.7,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L0.7,17L4,13.1L0,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L10.7,6z M23.9,6.6l4.2,4.5L32,7.2l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9L32,19.1l-3.9-3.3l-4.5,4.3l-2.5-1.9l4.4-5.1l-4.2-3.9L23.9,6.6zM73.5,6L76,8.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L63.5,17l4.1-4.7L63.5,8l2.3-1.3l4.1,3.6L73.5,6z M94,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4L94,20.1l-3.9-5l-3.9,4.2L84,17l3.2-3.9L84,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.2,3.9L94,6z M106.9,6l4.5,5.1l3.9-3.9l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9l-1.6,2.1l-3.9-4.2l-4.5,5.2l-2.5-1.9l4-5.4l-4-4.3L106.9,6z M53.1,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,4.6l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-4.5l-3.5,4.5L43.1,17l3.2-3.9l-4-4.5l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L53.1,6z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c581d3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c581d3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Os precursores das Nitrosaminas<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77dca0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77dca0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Nitritos, Nitratos e outros agentes nitrosantes<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6c578 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b6c578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nitratos e nitritos s\u00e3o compostos i\u00f4nicos encontrados na natureza, que fazem parte do ciclo do nitrog\u00eanio. <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366\"><strong><a style=\"color: #003366\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/lacvet\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/nitratos.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O nitrog\u00eanio<\/a><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u00e9 o elemento qu\u00edmico com maior concentra\u00e7\u00e3o na atmosfera, por\u00e9m os animais e as plantas n\u00e3o conseguem absorv\u00ea-lo diretamente do ar, sendo fornecido exclusivamente pela dieta no caso dos animais ou da absor\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s dos pelos radiculares pelas plantas.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77cddae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77cddae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Para ser absorvido o g\u00e1s nitrog\u00eanio (N<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) deve ser fixado ao solo, isso ocorre na natureza atrav\u00e9s de descargas el\u00e9tricas, fixa\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica atrav\u00e9s de bact\u00e9rias de vida livre ou simbi\u00f3ticas, ou atrav\u00e9s de um processo industrial na produ\u00e7\u00e3o da ur\u00e9ia.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a39edf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a39edf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No solo o nitrog\u00eanio na forma de am\u00f4nio (NH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) ou am\u00f4nia (NH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) \u00e9 rapidamente oxidado a nitrito (NO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) e posteriormente a nitrato (NO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) atrav\u00e9s de bact\u00e9rias. Apesar da absor\u00e7\u00e3o do nitrato, as plantas n\u00e3o conseguem assimilar este composto e produzir biomassa a partir dele, para a assimila\u00e7\u00e3o de nitrog\u00eanio \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio que este volte a ser reduzido a am\u00f4nia. Em nosso corpo, o nitrato tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o participa de rea\u00e7\u00f5es, sendo necess\u00e1rio que ela seja convertida a nitrito.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0293dae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0293dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nas plantas, ap\u00f3s assimilado o nitrato na forma de am\u00f4nio, este composto deve ser convertido em amino\u00e1cidos, o primeiro amino\u00e1cido formado \u00e9 o glutamato, precursor direto da prolina e da arginina, e atrav\u00e9s de longas e complexas rotas metab\u00f3licas os demais 20 amino\u00e1cidos s\u00e3o produzidos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b0cfb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b0cfb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nos nitratos, o nitrog\u00eanio \u00e9 ligado a tr\u00eas \u00e1tomos de oxig\u00eanio, uma das grandes caracter\u00edsticas dos nitratos \u00e9 que todos s\u00e3o sol\u00faveis em \u00e1gua e pouco reativos. S\u00e3o conhecidos por suas a\u00e7\u00f5es vasodilatadoras, sendo essenciais (em pequenas quantidades) no combate ao c\u00e2ncer, diabetes, doen\u00e7as card\u00edacas e disfun\u00e7\u00e3o er\u00e9til. Se a quantidade de nitrato consumida for muito elevada, em algumas condi\u00e7\u00f5es end\u00f3genas, podem levar \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de nitrosaminas no organismo.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8ca6ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8ca6ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O nitrato \u00e9 utilizado principalmente na ind\u00fastria de fertilizantes, herbicidas ou pesticidas. Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 utilizado como agente oxidante na\u00a0 fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de explosivos, p\u00f3lvora, fogos de artif\u00edcio, como sal de pot\u00e1ssio purificado na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de vidro e at\u00e9 mesmo como conservantes de alimentos embutidos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4122349 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4122349\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">J\u00e1 o nitrito, o nitrog\u00eanio \u00e9 ligado a dois \u00e1tomos de oxig\u00eanio, \u00e9 facilmente oxidado por processos qu\u00edmicos ou biol\u00f3gicos a nitrato, ou reduzido, originando v\u00e1rios compostos. \u00c9 um composto usado principalmente como aditivo alimentar, especialmente em carnes curadas. O nitrato \u00e9 algumas vezes adicionado junto com o nitrito como conservante, uma vez que serve como reserva para ele, pois lentamente se transforma em nitrito.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e86aae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e86aae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Poss\u00edveis fontes de nitrito e outros agentes nitrosantes na industria<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d988185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d988185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Especificamente falando do setor farmac\u00eautico, em geral as fontes de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o dede nitrito de s\u00f3dio (NaNO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) ou outros agentes nitrosantes podem ser:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36823f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36823f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><b>Mat\u00e9rias-primas contaminadas (solventes, reagentes, catalisadores) no processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o da API<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (podem formar nitrosaminas em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com reagentes, solventes e catalisadores, dos quais as aminas secund\u00e1rias ou terci\u00e1rias sejam geradas por rea\u00e7\u00f5es de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o, dentro da mesma ou de outra etapa de s\u00edntese, caso possa acontecer carry-over).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Materiais recuperados<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (solventes, reagentes, catalisadores), principalmente quando reprocessados por terceiros, usando equipamentos n\u00e3o dedicados a esse fim.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Materiais de partida e intermedi\u00e1rios contaminados de fornecedores <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">cujos processos de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o ou materiais de partida possam permitir a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de nitrosamina.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o cruzada entre diferentes processos de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> na mesma linha de produ\u00e7\u00e3o que n\u00e3o esteja claramente alocada e erros relacionados ao operador.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Materiais de embalagem prim\u00e1rios,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> tais como blisters nos quais a pel\u00edcula de cobertura nitrocelul\u00f3sica reage com aminas no primer para pintura usado, gerando nitrosaminas, que seriam transferidas para o produto durante o processo de embalagem.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b1259 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8b1259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Aminas (prim\u00e1rias, secund\u00e1rias, terci\u00e1rias, arom\u00e1ticas e alif\u00e1ticas)<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de56cc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de56cc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As aminas s\u00e3o bases org\u00e2nicas nitrogenadas, obtidas atrav\u00e9s da substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de um ou mais hidrog\u00eanios da am\u00f4nia (NH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) por demais grupos org\u00e2nicos (alquilas ou arilas). Visto que o nitrog\u00eanio \u00e9 um elemento eletronegativo, atraindo os el\u00e9trons com mais for\u00e7a, as mol\u00e9culas das aminas s\u00e3o polares.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae8395d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae8395d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elas podem se diferenciar em tr\u00eas tipos, variando de acordo com a quantidade de\u00a0 substituintes:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amina prim\u00e1ria: possui apenas um de seus hidrog\u00eanios substitu\u00eddo por um grupo alquila ou arila.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amina secund\u00e1ria: possui dois de seus hidrog\u00eanios<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amina terci\u00e1ria: possui seus tr\u00eas hidrog\u00eanios substitu\u00eddos.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441243d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"441243d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos tipos de aminas, as prim\u00e1rias e secund\u00e1rias podem formar liga\u00e7\u00f5es hidrog\u00eanio com \u00e1gua ou ainda entre si. J\u00e1 nas am\u00f4nias terci\u00e1rias a forma\u00e7\u00e3o desse tipo de liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre si n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel, j\u00e1 que todos os hidrog\u00eanios foram substitu\u00eddos por radicais org\u00e2nicos e como consequ\u00eancia possuem menores pontos de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o quando comparados com as prim\u00e1rias e secund\u00e1rias.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-335b449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"335b449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muitas das caracter\u00edsticas qu\u00edmicas, como ponto de fus\u00e3o, ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o e densidade, variam conforme o tamanho e o tipo de cadeia carb\u00f4nica ligada ao nitrog\u00eanio. Quanto maior for a cadeia carb\u00f4nica dos radicais mais alto ser\u00e1 seu ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de fus\u00e3o. Da mesma forma que radicais de cadeia aberta fazem com que a densidade da Amina seja menor do que quando h\u00e1 radicais arom\u00e1ticos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad68fce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad68fce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Aminas podem ser encontradas nos tr\u00eas estados f\u00edsicos, em condi\u00e7\u00f5es ideais de temperatura e press\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">s\u00f3lido (mais de 12 carbonos),<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">l\u00edquido (4 \u00e0 12 carbonos) ou<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">gasoso (1, 2 ou 3 carbonos).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-127dc50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"127dc50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elas quase sempre s\u00e3o incolores e possuem um caracter\u00edstico cheiro de peixe e podrid\u00e3o, apenas as metilaminas e as etilaminas que possuem um cheiro semelhante \u00e0 am\u00f4nia, e seus compostos arom\u00e1ticos s\u00e3o t\u00f3xicos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e870a94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e870a94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 solubilidade em \u00e1gua, as aminas de baixa massa molecular s\u00e3o bastante sol\u00faveis em \u00e1gua, e as demais variam de acordo com o tamanho da cadeia, geralmente mol\u00e9culas com at\u00e9 cinco carbonos s\u00e3o sol\u00faveis em \u00e1gua e \u00e1lcool, e mol\u00e9culas de amina com mais de cinco carbonos s\u00e3o insol\u00faveis em \u00e1gua.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5927b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5927b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As aminas s\u00e3o encontradas em diversas mol\u00e9culas do cotidiano, s\u00e3o bastante utilizadas na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de certos tipos de sab\u00f5es, vulcaniza\u00e7\u00e3o da borracha, produ\u00e7\u00e3o de sais de am\u00f4nio (condicionadores para cabelos) e explosivos. Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 bem reconhecida por ter deriva\u00e7\u00f5es pigmentadoras, servindo como corante tanto para ind\u00fastria t\u00eaxtil quanto para ind\u00fastria de alimentos. S\u00e3o precursoras da vida, estando presente nos amino\u00e1cidos. Tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o encontradas em vitaminas, f\u00e1rmacos (como antibi\u00f3tico, anest\u00e9sicos, antidepressivos) e entorpecentes (alcal\u00f3ides).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0e4311 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f0e4311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M10.7,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L0.7,17L4,13.1L0,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L10.7,6z M23.9,6.6l4.2,4.5L32,7.2l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9L32,19.1l-3.9-3.3l-4.5,4.3l-2.5-1.9l4.4-5.1l-4.2-3.9L23.9,6.6zM73.5,6L76,8.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L63.5,17l4.1-4.7L63.5,8l2.3-1.3l4.1,3.6L73.5,6z M94,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4L94,20.1l-3.9-5l-3.9,4.2L84,17l3.2-3.9L84,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.2,3.9L94,6z M106.9,6l4.5,5.1l3.9-3.9l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9l-1.6,2.1l-3.9-4.2l-4.5,5.2l-2.5-1.9l4-5.4l-4-4.3L106.9,6z M53.1,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,4.6l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-4.5l-3.5,4.5L43.1,17l3.2-3.9l-4-4.5l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L53.1,6z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d03b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d03b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">As Nitrosaminas<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab94bf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab94bf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Nitrosa\u00e7\u00e3o, processo de forma\u00e7\u00e3o das nitrosaminas<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f748e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f748e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os seres humanos podem obter os N-nitrosocompostos de duas maneiras diferentes: por forma\u00e7\u00e3o end\u00f3gena, natural no est\u00f4mago; ou de forma ex\u00f3gena, adquirindo-os a partir de alimentos e medicamentos, devido \u00e0s t\u00e9cnicas de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o ou processamento.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3843e2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3843e2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Processo de forna\u00e7\u00e3o end\u00f3xgena<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8745a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8745a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A forma\u00e7\u00e3o end\u00f3gena de compostos N-nitrosos come\u00e7a quando os nitratos s\u00e3o reduzidos a nitritos por microrganismos da cavidade oral e esses nitritos s\u00e3o posteriormente transformados em \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico no est\u00f4mago devido \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es ali existentes.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efba955 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efba955\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Em circunst\u00e2ncias espec\u00edficas, como gastrite cr\u00f4nica, os nitritos podem ser oxidados no est\u00f4mago em agentes nitrosantes (N<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, N<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) e reagir para formar compostos N-nitrosos. Esta rea\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre com precursores nitros\u00e1veis, que incluem uma grande variedade de componentes diet\u00e9ticos, tais como: aminas secund\u00e1rias encontradas em peixes, ovos, queijos e carnes; precursores naturais nos alimentos como certos amino\u00e1cidos, os alcal\u00f3ides presentes nas especiarias que s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bpara curar carnes e conservantes, e outros precursores que aparecem nos alimentos como contaminantes como res\u00edduos de pesticidas, aditivos ou medicamentos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e8a086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e8a086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As nitrosaminas formam-se principalmente no est\u00f4mago atrav\u00e9s de uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica entre aminas e nitritos, formados a partir dos nitratos. No pH \u00e1cido do est\u00f4mago, geralmente com o pH \u00f3timo entre 2 e 4, dependendo do substrato, forma-se o \u00e1cido nitroso (HNO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">), por protona\u00e7\u00e3o do nitrito, que dimeriza com perda de \u00e1gua, levando \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de tri\u00f3xido de dinitrog\u00eanio (N<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">), que \u00e9 a esp\u00e9cie nitrosante.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-531aca2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"531aca2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1207fd3\" data-id=\"1207fd3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d0d4ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d0d4ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O N<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> vai reagir com aminas n\u00e3o protonadas formando uma mol\u00e9cula de nitrosamina, com libera\u00e7\u00e3o de HNO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. A forma\u00e7\u00e3o end\u00f3gena de nitrosaminas pode tamb\u00e9m ocorrer atrav\u00e9s da rea\u00e7\u00e3o de aminas com produtos do mon\u00f3xido de nitrog\u00eanio (NO) formado durante um processo infeccioso ou inflamat\u00f3rio. Em situa\u00e7\u00f5es de inflama\u00e7\u00e3o, infec\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00f4nica ou dieta altamente proteica, s\u00e3o produzidas quantidades substanciais de NO, que reagem com o oxig\u00eanio dissolvido formando N<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e N<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11c06ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11c06ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-768x265.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10432\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-1024x353.png 1024w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-1536x529.png 1536w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1.png 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 2: Nitrosa\u00e7\u00e3o da dimetilamina (DMA) e forma\u00e7\u00e3o de dimetilnitrosamina (NDMA). Fonte: adaptado de Guia n\u00ba 50\/2021 - ANVISA. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447427e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"447427e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A estrutura final das nitrosaminas ser\u00e1 determinada primariamente pela estrutura da amina que foi nitrosada.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de7b05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6de7b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"736\" src=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosaminas-estrutura-768x883.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10434\" alt=\"Tipos de estruturas de nitrosaminas com base nas combina\u00e7\u00f5es sugeridas.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosaminas-estrutura-768x883.png 768w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosaminas-estrutura-261x300.png 261w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosaminas-estrutura-890x1024.png 890w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/nitrosaminas-estrutura.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 3: Tipos de estruturas de nitrosaminas com base nas combina\u00e7\u00f5es sugeridas. Fonte: adaptado de Guia n\u00ba 50\/2021 - ANVISA.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e3bb47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e3bb47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As N-nitrosaminas, ent\u00e3o, s\u00e3o resultado do excesso de nitrito que se acumula no est\u00f4mago. Este, proveniente de alimentos, f\u00e1rmacos ou produzido por bact\u00e9rias locais em excesso, quando em desequil\u00edbrio.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e947562 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e947562\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De modo geral, as N-nitrosaminas s\u00e3o est\u00e1veis em meios neutros e fortemente b\u00e1sicos. <br \/>Ainda que sejam de dif\u00edcil destrui\u00e7\u00e3o, elas entram em processo de decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o lenta quando expostas \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o UV formando alde\u00eddos, nitrog\u00eanio e \u00f3xido nitroso, ou aminas e \u00e1cido nitroso.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-905b14e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"905b14e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Em meio fortemente \u00e1cido ocorre clivagem do grupo nitroso, sendo que a rea\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser catalisada pela presen\u00e7a de nucle\u00f3filos como iodeto, tiocianato, brometo e\/ou cloreto. Um reagente comumente utilizado para destruir N-nitrosaminas \u00e9 o \u00e1cido brom\u00eddrico em \u00e1cido ac\u00e9tico glacial.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eac1d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6eac1d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No est\u00f4mago, antagonizando a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de nitrosaminas, alguns \u00e1cidos competem com as aminas pelo grupo nitrosante. S\u00e3o alguns deles o \u00e1cido sulf\u00e2mico, sulfamato de am\u00f4nio, \u00e1cido t\u00e2nico, alfa tocoferol e \u00e1cido asc\u00f3rbico.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c1aa71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c1aa71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Tipos de Nitrosaminas<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4e1703 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4e1703\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sob essas mol\u00e9culas, a ANVISA determinou os limites aceit\u00e1veis da presen\u00e7a de nitrosaminas em medicamentos com base nas orienta\u00e7\u00f5es dispon\u00edveis no <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/ich-m7-assessment-control-dna-reactive-mutagenic-impurities-pharmaceuticals-limit-potential\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guia ICH M7<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, tamb\u00e9m aceito pela EMA e FDA. Os limites foram derivados a partir de estudos robustos de carcinogenicidade, considerando risco total de 1:100.000, correspondente ao risco natural, desta forma pode-se considerar como um valor negligenci\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-613c0a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"613c0a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Historicamente produtos identificados com mais de uma nitrosamina em sua composi\u00e7\u00e3o tem os seus lotes retirados do mercado, no entanto, diversos produtos podem apresentar mais de uma nitrosamina. Desde que o risco total, ou seja a soma de todas as nitrosaminas, fique dentro da propor\u00e7\u00e3o de 1:100.000, o produto continua seguro, podendo ser ajustado a propor\u00e7\u00e3o de cada nitrosaminas.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc4cd35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc4cd35\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f54969\" data-id=\"9f54969\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee8a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dee8a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"736\" src=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Nitrosamina-formada-890x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10436\" alt=\"O FDA identificou sete impurezas de nitrosamina que teoricamente poderiam estar presentes em medicamentos:\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Nitrosamina-formada-890x1024.png 890w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Nitrosamina-formada-261x300.png 261w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Nitrosamina-formada-768x883.png 768w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Nitrosamina-formada.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fonte: adaptado do guia Control of Nitrosamine Impurities in Human Drugs, FDA<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cb897d\" data-id=\"6cb897d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-714cdda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"714cdda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366\"><strong><a style=\"color: #003366\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/141720\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FDA<\/a><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> identificou sete impurezas de nitrosamina que teoricamente poderiam estar presentes em medicamentos:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0645ffc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0645ffc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N-Nitrosodimetilamina (NDMA);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N-nitrosodietilamina (NDEA);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00c1cido N-nitroso-N-metil-4-aminobutan\u00f3ico (NMBA);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N-nitrosoisopropiletilamina (NIPEA);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N- nitrosodiisopropilamina (NDIPA);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N-nitrosodibutilamina (NDBA);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N-nitrosometilfenilamina (NMPA).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92ef5a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92ef5a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cinco deles, NDMA, NDEA, NMBA, NIPEA e NMPA, foram realmente detectados em subst\u00e2ncias ou produtos farmac\u00eauticos, segundo o guia publicado pela FDA.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66045d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66045d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uma outra op\u00e7\u00e3o considera que a soma de todas as nitrosaminas n\u00e3o ultrapasse o limite da nitrosamina mais potente. Os valores abaixo se referem apenas a medicamentos acabados contendo um dos tipos de nitrosamina.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9b362d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b9b362d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2-768x265.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10438\" alt=\"Limite aceit\u00e1vel de ingest\u00e3o de nitrosaminas em medicamentos estipulados pela ANVISA.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2-1024x353.png 1024w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2-1536x529.png 1536w, https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2.png 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fonte: adaptado de Guia n\u00ba 50\/2021 - ANVISA<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7052055 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7052055\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M10.7,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L0.7,17L4,13.1L0,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L10.7,6z M23.9,6.6l4.2,4.5L32,7.2l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9L32,19.1l-3.9-3.3l-4.5,4.3l-2.5-1.9l4.4-5.1l-4.2-3.9L23.9,6.6zM73.5,6L76,8.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L63.5,17l4.1-4.7L63.5,8l2.3-1.3l4.1,3.6L73.5,6z M94,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4L94,20.1l-3.9-5l-3.9,4.2L84,17l3.2-3.9L84,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.2,3.9L94,6z M106.9,6l4.5,5.1l3.9-3.9l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9l-1.6,2.1l-3.9-4.2l-4.5,5.2l-2.5-1.9l4-5.4l-4-4.3L106.9,6z M53.1,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,4.6l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-4.5l-3.5,4.5L43.1,17l3.2-3.9l-4-4.5l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L53.1,6z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13af610 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13af610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ativa\u00e7\u00e3o das Nitrosaminas no corpo humano<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2957760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2957760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Nitrosaminas n\u00e3o se acumulam no corpo, mas passam por processo de biotransforma\u00e7\u00e3o no organismo, requerendo ativa\u00e7\u00e3o metab\u00f3lica para exercerem sua a\u00e7\u00e3o mutag\u00eanica e carcinog\u00eanica.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5bfa01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5bfa01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Esta etapa \u00e9 considerada fundamental no processo de inicia\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00e2ncer, sendo que o f\u00edgado \u00e9 o principal \u00f3rg\u00e3o de biotransforma\u00e7\u00e3o das nitrosaminas, mas outros tecidos humanos tamb\u00e9m as podem biotransformar. A etapa inicial da biotransforma\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre via\u00a0 ativa\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema microssomal P-450 (CYP450) pela a\u00e7\u00e3o de enzimas.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c02ce4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c02ce4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Envolve uma hidroxila\u00e7\u00e3o do carbono do grupo alquila, catalisada pelo Citocromo P450 (principalmente pelo CYP2E1 e possivelmente o CYP2A6) formando um alde\u00eddo ou cetona e uma nitrosamina prim\u00e1ria, inst\u00e1vel, a qual tautomeriza para um alquildiazoidr\u00f3xido, o qual d\u00e1 origem a um \u00edon diaz\u00f4nio, que se decomp\u00f5em levando \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de carboc\u00e1tions, que s\u00e3o esp\u00e9cies positivamente carregadas e eletrof\u00edlicas capazes de alquilar s\u00edtios nucleof\u00edlicos do DNA, RNA e prote\u00ednas.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8549830 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8549830\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A indu\u00e7\u00e3o de tumores pode ocorrer em diferentes \u00f3rg\u00e3os, dependendo da estrutura qu\u00edmica da nitrosamina, da dose, da via de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o e da esp\u00e9cie animal. Ainda que a indu\u00e7\u00e3o ao c\u00e2ncer como resultado da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s N-nitrosaminas sejam comprovados em animais de laborat\u00f3rio, n\u00e3o existem evid\u00eancias diretas em humanos, apenas comprova\u00e7\u00e3o de s\u00e9rios danos hep\u00e1ticos quando expostos \u00e0 NDMA.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-071668b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"071668b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c345017\" data-id=\"c345017\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcfdd3e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bcfdd3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M10.7,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L0.7,17L4,13.1L0,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L10.7,6z M23.9,6.6l4.2,4.5L32,7.2l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9L32,19.1l-3.9-3.3l-4.5,4.3l-2.5-1.9l4.4-5.1l-4.2-3.9L23.9,6.6zM73.5,6L76,8.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L63.5,17l4.1-4.7L63.5,8l2.3-1.3l4.1,3.6L73.5,6z M94,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4L94,20.1l-3.9-5l-3.9,4.2L84,17l3.2-3.9L84,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.2,3.9L94,6z M106.9,6l4.5,5.1l3.9-3.9l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9l-1.6,2.1l-3.9-4.2l-4.5,5.2l-2.5-1.9l4-5.4l-4-4.3L106.9,6z M53.1,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,4.6l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-4.5l-3.5,4.5L43.1,17l3.2-3.9l-4-4.5l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L53.1,6z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cce189 elementor-headline--style-highlight elementor-widget elementor-widget-animated-headline\" data-id=\"7cce189\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;marker&quot;:&quot;double_underline&quot;,&quot;highlighted_text&quot;:&quot;InsilicAll&quot;,&quot;headline_style&quot;:&quot;highlight&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;highlight_animation_duration&quot;:1200,&quot;highlight_iteration_delay&quot;:8000,&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"animated-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-animated-headline.min.css\">\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-plain-text elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">Sobre a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-wrapper elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-text elementor-headline-text-active\">InsilicAll<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28de71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28de71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Somos a primeira empresa LATAM que empodera a ind\u00fastria farmac\u00eautica em seus desafios de drug discovery e em toxicologia regulat\u00f3ria aplicando IA e automa\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica. Com nosso modelo SaaS aumentamos a taxa de sucesso de nossos clientes levando medicamentos inovadores para os pacientes de forma mais r\u00e1pida e garantindo a seguran\u00e7a toxicol\u00f3gica de sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Nossa miss\u00e3o de entregar a melhor tecnologia com o menor impacto (ESG) nos permite garantir para nossos clientes a otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de tempo, custos e experimenta\u00e7\u00e3o animal em seus processos.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trabalhamos para aumentar a taxa de sucesso em levar medicamentos inovadores para as necessidades dos pacientes, diminuindo o cronograma, os custos e o tempo para que um novo produto chegue \u00e0 sociedade. Para isso, nossa empresa integra IA, computa\u00e7\u00e3o e automa\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica para acelerar o design de novas mol\u00e9culas e prote\u00ednas terap\u00eauticas.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd1aae6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd1aae6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d070bf\" data-id=\"4d070bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cedfc50 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cedfc50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M10.7,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L0.7,17L4,13.1L0,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L10.7,6z M23.9,6.6l4.2,4.5L32,7.2l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9L32,19.1l-3.9-3.3l-4.5,4.3l-2.5-1.9l4.4-5.1l-4.2-3.9L23.9,6.6zM73.5,6L76,8.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L63.5,17l4.1-4.7L63.5,8l2.3-1.3l4.1,3.6L73.5,6z M94,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4L94,20.1l-3.9-5l-3.9,4.2L84,17l3.2-3.9L84,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.2,3.9L94,6z M106.9,6l4.5,5.1l3.9-3.9l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9l-1.6,2.1l-3.9-4.2l-4.5,5.2l-2.5-1.9l4-5.4l-4-4.3L106.9,6z M53.1,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,4.6l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-4.5l-3.5,4.5L43.1,17l3.2-3.9l-4-4.5l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L53.1,6z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff6788a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff6788a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ultimate_floating_fx_translate_y&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Fontes:\u00a0<span style=\"color: #003366\"><a style=\"color: #003366\" href=\"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Fontes_-quimica-das-nitrosaminas.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">clique aqui<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> para acessar as fontes utilizadas nesse artigo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As N-nitrosaminas, que hoje popularmente chamamos apenas de nitrosaminas, tornaram-se objeto de intensos estudos toxicol\u00f3gicos nos \u00faltimos cinquenta anos, mais [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":10461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,142],"tags":[152,153,155,111,124,112,150,151,154],"class_list":["post-10420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-atualidades","category-ciencia","tag-chemistry","tag-ciencia","tag-impureza","tag-n-nitrosaminas","tag-nitrosamina","tag-nitrosaminas","tag-nitrosamine","tag-quimica","tag-science","no-social-count","single-post-item mb40"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10420"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10420"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15247,"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10420\/revisions\/15247"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insilicall.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}